Traditional vs. Roth
Using default settings — log in to save your own. This models real federal tax brackets, not a flat rate.
Each point on this line answers "if I sent this % of my new savings to Roth instead of Traditional, what would my yearly income in retirement be?" The marked point is the highest one — the best answer given what you entered below.
What you already have saved
Your situation going forward
Federal tax only (no state tax), using 2025 IRS tax brackets and standard deduction for your selected filing status. Assumes flat salary (no raises), a level annual withdrawal in retirement, and $0 other taxable income in retirement (no pension/Social Security) — if you'll have other income, your real bracket will land a bit higher than shown, which would favor Roth slightly more than this tool suggests. "Employer retirement" is treated as Traditional (pretax) money; if yours is a Roth 401(k), add that balance to Roth IRA instead. It's a planning estimate, not tax advice.